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Cultural competences of nurses in general practitioners' surgeries.
ŠVANCÁROVÁ, Anna
The Diploma Thesis on the topic: "Cultural competences of nurses in general practitioners' surgeries" aimed to map the level of cultural competence of nurses in the surgeries of general practitioner for adults (further referred to as GP). Following the stated aim, these two research questions were identified: What is the level of cultural competence of nurses in the GP's surgeries? What cultural challenges are present for nurses in the GP's surgeries? Firstly, the theoretical part of the work focuses initially on globalization and migration. It deals with migration, describes the situation in the Czech Republic and provides information on the development of the number of foreigners living here. It explains basic concepts in the field of transcultural nursing. It describes the main models that deal with cultural competence, culturally sensitive and adapted care and the theory of transcultural nursing. One of the chapters focuses on the transcultural features of minorities and religions, which are most common in the Czech Republic. Secondly, it describes a nurse in a GP surgery, describing and explaining her cultural competence. And last but not least, it deals with her communication skills in the GP surgery. The basis for achieving the set goal was a qualitative research method in primary care facilities, which was part of the research grant project number GAJU 046/2021S, which is implemented with the financial support of the Grant Agency of the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice. Data collection was carried out using a semi-structured interview. It contained twenty questions with appropriate sub-questions. The research population consisted of nurses who work in GP's surgeries and have experience with patients of diverse minorities. After informing the interviewees and with their consent, the interviews were audio recorded. Only for one respondent was the information obtained in written form on paper. The audio recordings were subsequently transcribed into written form and processed using the open coding method, the "pencil - paper" technique. All respondents were assured of complete anonymity. The results of the research are presented in the form of 4 categories, which are subsequently divided into further subcategories. These are clearly shown schematically in the work. Individual categories try to answer the research questions of this thesis. The work provides us with a comprehensive view of the cultural competence of nurses in the GP's surgeries. The results indicate what cultural competences the nurses hold, whether they are even aware of these competences, to what extent they have knowledge of the specifics of individual cultures, especially those they encounter, and last but not least, how they can communicate with patients of different cultures and what communication barriers they experience. The research results can be used in the teaching of non-medical health workers and students at ZSF JU in České Budějovice. The educational part can lead to the creation of principles and guidelines for culturally competent nursing care. The preparation of nurses to provide nursing care for patients from a different culture or similar culture in ambulatory care in the Czech Republic can be made more effective by new principles from this research.
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Cultural competences of home care nurses
RÁSOCHOVÁ, Marie
The diploma thesis themed as the "Cultural Competences of Nurses in Home Care Agencies" is aimed at mapping a level of cultural competences of nurses in home care agencies. On basis of the objective stipulated in advance, two research questions were formed: What is the extent of cultural competences of nurses and what the nurses' particular cultural challenges exist in such home care agencies? Qualitative research methodology was applied in the empirical part of the diploma thesis. Data collection was performed using a semi-structured interview which was created in collaboration with a group of researchers participating in the Project Research Grant No. GAJU 046/2021/S. The research file consisted of eleven (11) nurses working in home care agencies. The interview acquired were processed by means of coding resulting in five (5) categories and 16 sub-categories generated. It is apparent from the research results that nurses in home care provide patients with a highly individualized care which fully meets conditions set up by the cultural competence care. Simultaneously, certain weaknesses were detected standing ahead of nurses as a form of challenges. For instance, it is a language barrier and an interpreter being engaged in the patients' care in home care, quality improvement of lifelong education and training for nurses in home care and an inclusion of the critical reflexion in the nurses' jobs. It was also disclosed that nurses are challenged by the technical handling of their work in home environment of their patients. In terms of the results, it is evident that medical facilities are facing with the challenge of how to increase the efficiency of information transfer within individual subjects of the care provision, and thus to improve possibilities of nurses' preparation for their clients' visits. The diploma thesis can be exploited to intensify the quality and efficiency in the care for clients originated from diverse cultures, and moreover as the grounds for further research activities and progress and development in nursing.
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Factors influencing development of cultural competencies in nursing students
ŠPIROCHOVÁ, Ilona
The concept of cultural competence hides a large amount of information on how to provide culturally appropriate care. This bachelor thesis deals not only with the cultural competencies themselves, but also with related factors that affect their development. It also deals with transcultural models and the effect of cultural competencies in the nursing process. The aim of the thesis was to map the factors influencing the development of cultural competencies in nursing students. To fulfil the goal, 4 hypotheses have been set. To verify the hypotheses, quantitative data collection has been performed using an online questionnaire. Students of the General Nurse and General Nursing program have been assigned to the research group. The results have shown that nursing students are influenced by the media, education, social networks and the attitude of teachers, but not to the extent we have expected. The results also show that nursing students most often meet the Romani people, Ukrainian and Vietnamese patients during their internship. As part of their internship, students most often encounter patients who profess Christianity, Islam, and Jehovah's Witnesses. In the research, students have shown that they have knowledge in the field of transcultural nursing and consider it important to provide culturally competent care. The conclusion of the research is that cultural competences will become more and more popular among nursing students due to the current increase in migration. The development of cultural competences will still need to be expanded in the areas of knowledge and skills in transcultural nursing.
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Cultural competences of nurses in intensive nursing care
BALOUNOVÁ, Lucie
The goal of this thesis with the name "Cultural Competence of Nurses in Intensive Nursing Care" is to analyze the cultural competence of intensive nursing care. Based on this topic, two questions have been created: "What is the cultural competence of nurses in intensive nursing care" and "Which cultural challenges do nurses face in intensive nursing care?" The theoretical part of this thesis focuses on the characteristics of multicultural nursing care, defining basic concepts that are associated with this topic. It also describes various nursing care models about multicultural nursing care, along with communication and the challenges associated with specific minorities. There is also a chapter that focuses on the characteristics of intensive care and the specifics of communication with patients. The empirical part of this thesis was written in a qualitative form, comprising of interviews that gathered data based on thirty-two questions and a few sub-questions. The introduction had three questions collecting personal information of the interviewees, then another twenty-nine questions followed with thirteen sub-questions that focused on the nursing care of patients of minority groups, the specifics of transcultural nursing care, educating nurses about this topic and how much experience did they have with this topic. If necessary, further questions were asked. The whole interview was done so that it would be able to provide answers to our study questions that were made ahead of time and to also provide a picture of how nurses handle intensive care in patients of minority groups. We asked a total of ten general nurses who at the time of this study worked in intensive care, either at a department of anesthesiology and resuscitation, intensive care department or intermediate care. The interviews were then processed with open code and coloring text. In order to make the results of the study easier to understand, they have been divided and presented into four categories and ten subcategories. The categories clearly describe the experiences and thoughts of nurses. The results provide a holistic view on transcultural nursing care in intensive care. Based on this study, transcultural nursing care is becoming even more significant in today's society and it is important to not just focus on the education of nurses regarding this topic, but also to teach foreign languages, because language barriers are one of the most common obstacles nurses must face. This work may serve as educational material not just for students of healthcare professions, but also for nurses working in intensive care. The results alone point to shortcomings and problems associated with providing a culturally competent care and may contribute to improving this specific topic.
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